kevrumbo's Page

Dive History
Sipadan -luckily & unknowingly departed on the last boat out before the infamous Abu Sayyaf Raid, Easter Sunday April 23, 2000.
Indonesia -Lembeh, Halmaherah & Raja Ampat;
Papua New Guinea -Bismark Sea, Fathers Reef;
Thailand -Similans, Hin Daeng/Hin Muang Pinnacles;
Fiji -Bligh Straits;
Philippines -Balicasag Island, Tubbataha Reefs, Verde Island (Blackfish Corner)
Palau -Peleliu Corner & Express, Blue Corner, Big Drop-off et al;
Hawaii -Oahu & Big Island;
Mexico -Cozumel, Baja Calif./La Paz;
Grand Cayman & Little Cayman British West Indies;
US Virgin Islands -St. Thomas;
Galapagos Islands Ecuador and Cocos Island Costa Rica.

South China Sea/Singapore -WWII Battleships HMS Prince of Wales & Repulse, Super Tanker Seven Skies;
Indian Ocean/Sri Lanka: WWII Aircraft Carrier HMS Hermes,
Chuuk Lagoon -HIJMS Oite Destroyer, Aikoku Maru, San Francisco Maru, Nagano Maru, Shotan Maru, Amagisan Maru, Fujisan Maru Tanker et al;
Palau -Helmet Wreck, IJN Iro, Chuyo Maru;
Subic Bay Philippines -USS Rochester (New York), Sakura Maru, LST, F4 Phantom Jet Wreck;
Coron Bay Philippines -HIJMS Akitsushima, IJN Irako Wrecks et al.

Dengue Fever contracted in Papua New Guinea '01.
DCS type I Left Shoulder suffered in Chuuk '08 with successful Table 6 treatment in Chuuk and Honolulu, with additional work-up to rule out Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism: fully recovered with no residual effects --see link 264517-type-i-bends-hit-chuuk.html

Certification History
PADI Drager Dolphin Rebreather 1999 (Fred Colburn, Pacific Wilderness); GUE-Fundamentals 2001, 2007 (John Walker, Beach Cities Scuba, Michael Kane, Hollywood Divers); TDI Adv. Trimix 2005 (Chuck Mather/Keith Keizer, Dive Tek Hawaii); DSAT Trimix Blender 2005 (Dave Ross, Tech Asia); PADI Wreck Diver 2005 (Jo Hjelm, Island Divers Oahu); NAUI Wreck Penetration 1 2005 (Andrew Georgitsis, 5thD-X); NACD Cavern 2006 (German Yañez, Yucatech Expeditions); NAUI DPV 1 '06 (Joe Talavera, 5thD-X); IANTD Technical Wreck Diver '06 (Sam Collett, Tech Asia).
Candidate/Intern Certified Hyperbaric Technologist (NBDHMT); Volunteer Crew Intern, Catalina Hyperbaric Chamber --see link TOP.HTM

Gas Planning/Ratio Deco Tools (written in Excel97):
rock_bottom_revA.xls
GasCalc_Liters_B.xls
GasCalc_CuFt_A.xls

How to use the Metric System with 11 Litre Tanks (Double AL80's)::
8404-metric-system-math-trick.html

How to use a SPG in bar units to read remaining volume in cubic feet in a set of double manifolded LP95's:
http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/5281660-post21.html

How to tolerate sea sickness without medication:
http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/5367954-post40.html

Some statistics on Diving Accidents from the Catalina Hyperbaric Chamber:
http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/4851589-post153.html

Strategy for Minimizing Inspired N2 On Deco Gas Switches and avoiding potential Isobaric Counter-Diffusion (ICD):
http://www.subpacific.cl/icd.pdf

On Diving acclimatization and DCS:
In summary, our results show that DCS induces a stress response, as confirmed by the expression of heat-shock protein in lung, liver, and heart tissue. DCS preconditioning reduced the neurological impairment caused by subsequent rapid decompression from exposure to high pressure. We conclude that bubble formation in tissues after decompression can activate a stress response and that the protective effects derived from this stress response may be the mechanism responsible for the phenomenon of diving acclimatization. . .
Diving acclimatization has been described as an adaptive response to decompression stress after repetitive exposure to pressure (7). This adaptation reduces a diver's susceptibility to DCS or the severity of DCS. The mechanism contributing to diving acclimatization, however, remains obscure. We proposed an "induction hypothesis," speculating that repetitive compression-decompression is a form of preconditioning that generates protective factors and reduces the severity of acute tissue injury during subsequent bubble formation. In the present study, our results further demonstrate that DCS induces a stress response and that this DCS preconditioning significantly alleviates the neurological impairment induced by subsequent exposure to high pressure. These results strengthen our induction hypothesis by explaining the mechanism underlying diving acclimatization. . .
DCS is a disease caused by gas bubble formation in tissues. Air bubbles produce their effects by mechanical obstruction, by altering the biochemical environment, or both. Bubble formation interrupts blood flow and compresses or disrupts tissues (22). Air bubbles can also initiate an air-liquid interface reaction in tissues, which activates plasma proteins, including clotting factors, enzymes, and immunoglobulins (15). The complement system, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and oxygen metabolites are proven factors that mediate air-bubble-induced tissue injury (22). Protection from air-bubble-induced tissue injury may result from a smaller number of bubbles or from less tissue reaction to air bubbles. Wisloff and Brubakk (31) reported that endurance exercise reduces bubble formation and increases survival in rats exposed to hyperbaric pressure. It is not known whether DCS preconditioning reduces bubble formation after the next episode of decompression from a hyperbaric environment. Nevertheless, endurance exercise is a stressor that increases the expression of HSP70 and may represent a powerful preventative agent against tissue injury in several models (8, 23). These reports suggest that stresses such as endurance exercise can activate bioprotective mechanisms. Compatible with these reports, our results show that prior DCS is also a stress inducer, which may activate a bioprotective mechanism similar to that induced by endurance exercise. This suggests that this protection involves mechanisms more complex than a reduction in bubble formation. . .
http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/287/5/R1214

On adaptation to Deep Air and Nitrogen Narcosis:
"Moreover, our results suggest that experienced divers can discriminate between the behavioral and subjective components of narcosis. . .It has been proposed that the intensity of narcotic symptoms could be used by divers to gauge the extent of performance loss (10). The present results indicate that this advice is inappropriate for adapted divers because the two components of narcosis [behavioral and subjective] uncouple in a direction that could lead to an overestimation of performance capabilities --a potentially dangerous situation. On the other hand, the question arises as to whether adaptation confers any benefits on the diver, since performance efficiency is not directly improved and could be overestimated. In this regard, it could be argued that a reduction in symptom intensity reduces the possibility that attention will be focused on subjective sensations rather than the task at hand." [i.e. Subjective, sensations awareness vs. Situational, task-at-hand awareness??]
From:
p.9, Hamilton K, Laliberté MF, Fowler B. Dissociation of the behavioral and
subjective components of nitrogen narcosis and diver adaptation. Undersea Hyperb
Med. 1995 Mar;22(1):41-9. PubMed PMID: 7742709.